IsiTshayina
Ngaphambi kokugcinwa, ukuthuthwa kunye nokulungiswa kwemifuno evuniweyo, ukushisa kwentsimi kufuneka kususwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye inkqubo yokupholisa ngokukhawuleza ukushisa kwayo kwiqondo lokushisa elichaziweyo libizwa ngokuba yi-precooling. Ukupholisa kwangaphambili kunokuthintela ukwanda kobushushu obubangelwa bubushushu obuphefumlayo, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ukuphefumla kwemifuno kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko emva kokuvuna. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zemifuno zifuna iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokushisa kwangaphambili, kwaye iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokupholisa kwangaphambili zikwahluke. Ukuze imifuno ipholile ngexesha emva kokuvuna, kungcono ukwenza oko kwindawo yemvelaphi.
Iindlela zokupholisa kwangaphambili kwemifuno ikakhulu ziquka oku kulandelayo:
1. Ukupholisa okupholisa kwendalo kubeka imifuno evuniweyo kwindawo epholileyo nengena umoya, ukwenzela ukuba ukuchithwa kobushushu bendalo kweemveliso kufezekise injongo yokupholisa. Le ndlela ilula kwaye kulula ukuyisebenzisa ngaphandle kwesixhobo. Yindlela enokwenzeka ngokwentelekiso kwiindawo ezineemeko ezimbi. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela yokupholisa kwangaphambili inqandekile kwiqondo lokushisa langaphandle ngelo xesha, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukufikelela kwiqondo lokushisa langaphambili elifunwa yimveliso. Ngaphezu koko, ixesha lokupholisa kwangaphambili lide kwaye umphumo umbi. Emantla, le ndlela yokupholisa kwangaphambili idla ngokusetyenziselwa ukugcinwa kweklabishi yaseTshayina.
2. I-precooling yokugcina ebandayo (i-Precooling Room) iya kufaka iimveliso zemifuno epakishwe kwibhokisi yokupakisha kwindawo yokugcina ebandayo. Kufuneka kubekho umsantsa phakathi kwezitaki kunye necala elifanayo nelokuphuma komoya kwindawo yokugcina umoya obandayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubushushu beemveliso buya kususwa xa ukuhamba komoya kudlula kakuhle. Ukuze kuphunyezwe umphumo ongcono wokupholisa, izinga lokuhamba komoya kwindawo yokugcina impahla kufuneka lifikelele kwi-1-2 yeemitha ngomzuzwana, kodwa akufanele libe likhulu kakhulu ukuphepha ukuchithwa okugqithisileyo kwemifuno emitsha. Le ndlela yindlela eqhelekileyo yokupholisa ngoku kwaye ingasetyenziswa kuzo zonke iintlobo zemifuno.
3. I-cooler yomoya enyanzelwayo (i-cooler yoxinzelelo oluhlukeneyo) kukudala ukuhamba komoya ohlukeneyo kumacala amabini epaki yebhokisi yokupakisha equlethe iimveliso, ukwenzela ukuba umoya obandayo unyanzeliswe ngebhokisi nganye yokupakisha kwaye udlule malunga nemveliso nganye, ngaloo ndlela ususa ukushisa kwemveliso. Le ndlela imalunga ne-4 ukuya kwamaxesha angama-10 ngokukhawuleza kunokugcinwa okubandayo kwangaphambili, ngelixa ukugcinwa kwe-precooling ebandayo kunokwenza ubushushu bemveliso buphume kumphezulu webhokisi yokupakisha. Le ndlela yokupholisa kwangaphambili iyasebenza nakwimifuno emininzi. Zininzi iindlela zokupholisa umoya ngenkani. Indlela yokupholisa itonela ibisetyenziswa iminyaka emininzi eMzantsi Afrika nase-United States. Emva kweminyaka yophando ngabasebenzi bezenzululwazi kunye netekhnoloji, i-China iye yayila indawo yokupholisa umoya ngenkani elula.
Indlela ekhethekileyo kukubeka imveliso kwibhokisi eneempawu ezifanayo kunye nemingxuma yokuphefumla efanayo, beka ibhokisi kwisitaki esixande, ushiye isithuba kwicala lelongitudinal kwiziko lokupakisha, ugubungele iziphelo ezimbini zesitaki kunye nomphezulu wepaki ngokuqinileyo ngeseyile okanye ifilimu yeplastiki, enye isiphelo sayo sidityaniswe nefeni ukuba ikhuphe i-gapne ephakathi, ukuze i-stack ikhuphe i-gapne. umoya obandayo kumacala omabini ekhanvasi engagqunyiweyo yokungena kwindawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi ukusuka kumngxunya wokungenisa umoya webhokisi yepakethe, Ubushushu obukwimveliso buqhutywa kwindawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi, kwaye emva koko kukhutshelwe kwi-stack yi-fan ukuphumeza umphumo wokupholisa kwangaphambili. Le ndlela kufuneka ithathele ingqalelo ukupakishwa okufanelekileyo kwamatyala okupakisha kunye nokubekwa okufanelekileyo kwe-canvas kunye ne-fan, ukwenzela ukuba umoya obandayo ungangena kuphela kwi-vent ye-vent kwi-packing case, ngaphandle koko umphumo wokupholisa awunakufezekiswa.
4. I-vacuum precooling (i-Vacuum Cooler) kukubeka imifuno kwisitya esivaliweyo, ngokukhawuleza ukhuphe umoya kwi-container, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwisitya, kwaye wenze imveliso ipholile ngenxa yokunyuka kwamanzi angaphezulu. Kuxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-atmospheric (101.3 kPa, 760 mm Hg *), amanzi aba ngumphunga kwi-100 ℃, kwaye xa uxinzelelo lwehla ukuya kwi-0.53 kPa, amanzi anokuphuma ngumphunga kwi-0 ℃. Xa ubushushu behla nge-5 ℃, malunga ne-1% yobunzima bemveliso buba ngumphunga. Ukuze ungenzi imifuno ilahlekelwe ngamanzi amaninzi, fafaza amanzi ngaphambi kokupholisa kwangaphambili. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukupholisa kwangaphambili kwemifuno enamagqabi. Ukongeza, njenge-asparagus, amakhowa, ahluma aseBrussels, kunye neembotyi zaseDatshi nazo zinokupholiswa kwangaphambili nge-vacuum. Indlela yokucoca i-vacuum precooling inokuphunyezwa kuphela ngesixhobo esikhethekileyo se-vacuum precooling, kwaye utyalo-mali lukhulu. Okwangoku, le ndlela isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwimifuno yokupholisa kwangaphambili ukuze ithunyelwe kumazwe angaphandle eTshayina.
5. Ukupholisa kwamanzi abandayo (I-Hydro Cooler) kukutshiza amanzi apholileyo (akufutshane ne-0 ℃ kangangoko kunokwenzeka) kwimifuno, okanye ukuntywilisela imifuno emanzini abandayo aqukuqelayo ukuphumeza injongo yokupholisa imifuno. Ngenxa yokuba amandla obushushu bamanzi makhulu kakhulu kunomoya, indlela yokupholisa amanzi abandayo ngaphambili kusetyenziswa amanzi njengoko indawo yokudlulisa ubushushu ikhawuleza kunendlela yokupholisa umoya wangaphambili, kwaye amanzi okupholisa anokuphinda asetyenziswe. Nangona kunjalo, amanzi abandayo kufuneka ahlanjululwe i-disinfected, ngaphandle koko imveliso iya kungcoliswa yi-microorganisms. Ngoko ke, ezinye ii-disinfectants kufuneka zongezwe emanzini abandayo.
Isixhobo sendlela yokupholisa amanzi abandayo yi-water chiller, ekufuneka nayo icocwe ngamanzi rhoqo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Indlela yokupholisa emanzini abandayo inokudibaniswa kunye nokucoca emva kokuvuna kunye nokubulala iintsholongwane kwimifuno. Le ndlela yokupholisa kwangaphambili isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimifuno yeziqhamo kunye nemifuno yeengcambu, kodwa kungekhona kwimifuno yamagqabi.
6. Qhagamshelana ne-ice pre-cooling (Injector ye-Ice) yongezelela kwezinye iindlela zokupholisa kwangaphambili. Kukubeka umkhenkce otyumkileyo okanye umxube womkhenkce netyuwa phezu kwempahla yemifuno ekwisikhongozelo sokupakisha okanye imoto okanye inqwelo kaloliwe. Oku kunokunciphisa ubushushu bemveliso, kuqinisekise ukutsha kwemveliso ngexesha lokuthuthwa, kwaye kwakhona kudlale indima yokupholisa kwangaphambili. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela ingasetyenziselwa kuphela iimveliso ezidibana nomkhenkce kwaye aziyi kubangela umonakalo. Njengesipinatshi, i-broccoli kunye neradish.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jun-03-2022